韩兴军

摘要

本文首先对公路平面交叉口的安全现状和渠化设计方法发展情况进行了分析。目前各国对公路平面交叉口的设计主要从力学和汽车行驶理论方面进行，这种设计往往对安全和动态的交通冲突缺乏考虑。

本文在研究交通冲突特点的基础上，根据交通冲突的观测参数：冲突速度、冲突距离、车辆轨迹变化、车辆交错形式对其进行重新定义、分类，找出其与交叉口渠化设计的联系。在理论和实践上应用交叉口交通冲突的新分类方法对交通冲突进行了分析，说明了交通冲突应用到渠化设计中的可能性。

对目测法得到的交叉口车辆行驶轨迹结果进行分析，得出了车辆行驶轨迹应用于渠化设计的方法。针对目测法进行轨迹确定不够精确等问题，论文对目前世界上应用较成熟的两种轨迹跟踪理论进行了较为详细的分析，主要分析了基于时空概念的马尔可夫随机场模型运算法则和可预测的合并－分离车辆轨迹跟踪技术。最后对两种技术在渠化设计方法方面的应用可能性提出了理论上的设想，提出了它们与交叉口渠化设计的联系。

根据交通冲突和车辆轨迹在渠化设计中的应用可能性分析，本文提出了平面交叉口交通岛、转弯车道（右转车道）、自行车道、人行横道、标志标线等渠化设计要素的设计步骤方法、设计内容及部分设计指标。

    关键词：平面交叉口，交通冲突，车辆跟踪，渠化设计

ABSTRACT

The analysis ofthe at-grade intersection safety on the highway and the design methoddevelopment of it are presented firstly. The aspects of the design on thehighway intersections is either from the mechanics or from the vehicle runningtheory, and the design method considers the safety and dynamic trafficconflicts scarcely.

Based on theresearch of the traffic conflict characteristics in the intersections, thispaper classifies the traffic conflicts considering the conflict velocity,conflict transverse distance and the variation of the vehicle track, and foundthe relations between the conflict and the channeling design method. Using thenew method of the classification theoretically and practically, the paperclassified the conflict in the intersections and introduced the probability ofthe application of it into the design on the intersections.

The paper analyzedthe tracking results from the eyeballing method on the video data, and foundthe method for applying it into the channeling design. As the imprecise ofeyeballing method, the paper analyzed two techniques for auto creating thetrack and the object image of the vehicle by algorithms. And the two are: thespatial-temporal Markov random field algorithm and the Predictive TrajectoryMerge-split algorithm. In the end, the paper put forward the probability of theapplication of the two techniques on the design on the intersections.

Based on the analysis of the correlationsbetween the traffic conflicts and the techniques for tracking vehicles and thechanneling design method, the paper put forwards the channeling methods, stepsand design guideline for design factors such as the islands, turning driveway,bicycle lanes, crosswalks and the sign & line etc.

Key Words: at-grade intersection,traffic conflict, vehicle track, channeling design.